L-Carnitine (600 mg)

L-Carnitine (600 mg)

L-Carnitine (600 mg)

$55.00

L-Carnitine (600 mg) is a high-purity quaternary amine that ferries long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation, supporting cellular energy and metabolic flexibility. Each lot of this L-Carnitine research supplement is independently tested for purity and identity, then professionally labeled in the USA by Regenerative Health Peptides before shipping solely for in-vitro study—ideal for investigators examining fat-oxidation, weight-management pathways, and mitochondrial bioenergetics while sourcing premium L-Carnitine for weight-loss research online from a trusted American peptide supplier.

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Overview

L-Carnitine (β-hydroxy-γ-trimethyl-ammonium-butyrate) is a quaternary amine biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine in the liver and kidneys. It forms a critical part of the carnitine–acylcarnitine shuttle by partnering with CPT-I and CPT-II enzymes, facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane for β-oxidation. This role makes it indispensable in cellular energy production, particularly in high-demand tissues like cardiac and skeletal muscle.

Disruptions in carnitine transport or biosynthesis can impair lipid oxidation and lead to fat accumulation, underscoring L-Carnitine’s metabolic importance. Consequently, it remains a key compound in research focused on fat metabolism, mitochondrial energetics, and metabolic disorders. Its potential roles in exercise physiology, insulin signaling, and neuroprotection make it a versatile subject for in-vitro investigations in both basic and applied biomedical science.

Molecular Facts

Property Data
Chemical Formula C₇H₁₅NO₃
Molecular Weight 161.2 g/mol
CAS No. 541-15-1
Synonyms ʟ-Carnitine, Vitamin Bt
Solubility Water > 500 mg mL⁻¹ (25 °C)

 

Mechanisms of Action

  • Mitochondrial β-Oxidation – transfers acyl groups across inner membrane via CPT-I/II cycle.
  • AMPK Activation – indirect increase in AMPK-Thr172 phosphorylation, promoting fatty-acid oxidation.
  • Antioxidant & Mitochondrial Stability – scavenges acyl-CoA, lowers ROS, preserves membrane potential.
  • Insulin Sensitization – enhances GLUT4 translocation and PDH activation, improving glucose disposal.

Research Areas

  1. Fat-Oxidation & Weight-Loss – ↑ VO₂, ↓ respiratory-exchange ratio in obese models.[1-3]
  2. Metabolic Syndrome & Insulin Sensitivity – improved HOMA-IR, lowered triglycerides.[4-6]
  3. Exercise Performance – delays muscle glycogen depletion, reduces post-exercise lactate.[7-9]
  4. Neuroprotection & Cognitive Health – mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative models.[10-11]
  5. Cardiovascular & Endothelial Function – decreases homocysteine, enhances NO bioavailability.[12-13]

Product Usage

This L-Carnitine powder is for Research Use Only and not intended for human or animal administration. Designed exclusively for in-vitro laboratory studies (in glass). The FDA has not evaluated this compound for therapeutic purposes.

Disclaimer

All compounds and information presented by Regenerative Health Peptides are provided solely for research and educational purposes. These materials are not medicines, foods, or dietary supplements and must not be introduced into humans or animals. They are supplied exclusively for in-vitro laboratory studies; any other use is strictly prohibited by law. None of these products have been evaluated or approved by the FDA to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

2.1 Pharmacokinetics & Safety

  • Caco-2 permeability studies show 6.1 × 10⁻⁶ cm s⁻¹, suggesting moderate oral absorption; no cytotoxicity up to 5 mM.[1]
  • 90-day rat gavage (2 g kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) revealed no hepatotoxicity or renal impairment.[14]

2.2 Fat-Oxidation & Weight-Loss

  • DIO mice lost 11 % body weight and visceral fat ↓ 19 % over 6 weeks (600 mg kg⁻¹) with VO₂ ↑ 15 %.[2]
  • Human adipocytes: FAO ↑ 42 % and ACC-Ser79 phosphorylation ↑ 1.7-fold after 24 h 2 mM L-Carnitine.[3]

2.3 Insulin Sensitization & Lipid Profile

  • Hyperinsulinemic clamp in Zucker rats: glucose disposal ↑ 26 % (p < 0.05) after 14 days L-Carnitine (300 mg kg⁻¹).[4]
  • Meta-analysis of 9 RCTs (n = 490) showed fasting TG ↓ 18 mg dL⁻¹ and HDL ↑ 4 mg dL⁻¹.[5]

2.4 Exercise & Recovery

  • Cyclists ingesting 3 g L-Carnitine displayed 11 % lower RER and 35 % less muscle glycogen use at 80 % VO₂-max.[7]
  • Post-exercise CK activity ↓ 25 % and DOMS scores ↓ 21 % vs. placebo.[8]

2.5 Neuro- & Cardio-Metabolic Protection

  • SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H₂O₂ showed ROS ↓ 30 % and mitochondrial membrane potential stabilization with 1 mM L-Carnitine.[10]
  • ApoE-/- mice: aortic plaque area ↓ 17 % and endothelial NO synthase activity ↑ 24 % (8-week study).[12]

Reference List 

  1. Flanagan JL et al., Ann Nutr Metab 66, 34-44 (2015)
  2. Stephens FB et al., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304, E795-E802 (2013)
  3. Rebouche CJ et al., Metabolism 63, 927-934 (2014)
  4. Ringseis R et al., Diabetes 60, 1967-1979 (2011)
  5. Pooyandjoo M et al., Clin Nutr 35, 379-388 (2016)
  6. Derosa G et al., Nutrients 11, 1430 (2019)
  7. Wall BT et al., J Physiol 589, 963-973 (2011)
  8. Volek JS et al., Am J Clin Nutr 89, 1088-1095 (2009)
  9. Broad EM et al., Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 18, 567-584 (2008)
  10. Calabrese V et al., Free Radic Biol Med 40, 1644-1654 (2006)
  11. He J et al., Aging Cell 18, e12963 (2019)
  12. Li K et al., Atherosclerosis 242, 236-245 (2015)
  13. Derosa G et al., Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 26, 1056-1064 (2016)
  14. Yagen B et al., Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 233, 331-340 (2008)
  15. Stanley WC et al., Cardiovasc Res 73, 63-71 (2007)
  16. Noland RC et al., J Biol Chem 284, 13029-13041 (2009)
  17. Huang C et al., Nutrients 14, 839 (2022)
  18. Kido K et al., Endocr J 66, 743-752 (2019)
  19. Virmani MA et al., Clin Interv Aging 5, 553-569 (2010)
  20. Galloway SD et al., Metabolism 66, 576-585 (2017)
  21. Del Ben M et al., Metabolites 10, 411 (2020)
  22. Sayed-Ahmed MM et al., Clin Chim Acta 365, 145-151 (2006)
  23. Abdul-Ghani MA et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98, E879-E883 (2013)
  24. Giudetti AM et al., J Physiol Biochem 70, 775-785 (2014)
  25. Fukuchi K et al., Aging Cell 16, 213-224 (2017)

 

  • Lyophilized / Dry powder: store at ‑20 °C (dark, desiccated); shelf life ~12 months.
  • Dissolved (aqueous): sterile water, 4 °C, use within 7 days.
  • Long‑term: aliquot & ‑80 °C for up to 6 months; avoid > 2 freeze‑thaw cycles.